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101.
A.?M.?Ramos-Cabrer S.?Pereira-LorenzoEmail author 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2005,52(7):879-890
This study is focused in the main chestnut growing areas from north- to south-western Spain. We studied 50 accessions corresponding
to 22 cultivars named by local growers; 11 from Andalucía, 9 from Castilla-León, and 2 from Extremadura. These were compared
with 22 types classified previously in Galicia (82 accessions). Ten morphological traits and five isoenzyme systems were used
to classify them and establish genetic relationships. A lower genetic variability has been found in Extremadura (middle Spain)
and Andalucía (south) than in Galicia (north western) which may be because of the lower importance of the crop in those areas
and the geographic barriers between them. Galicia could be the origin of the types found in Castilla-León, Extremadura, and
south-western Andalucía, and the types found in Central Andalucía were closer to those found in Castilla-León and Extremadura.
Most accessions studied (117/132) could be classified positively, making 37 out of 44 cultivars found from northern to southern
Spain. Three groups of synonymies were found in Castilla-León: ‘Brava’ and ‘Negral’, ‘Gallego’ and ‘Injerto’, and ‘Rapega’
and ‘Verdello’. Most of the Spanish types have been propagated as a principal clone. Variability within the types is important
and must be considered to select the best clones as cultivars. 相似文献
102.
103.
覆膜旱作稻N、P、K养分利用特征 总被引:3,自引:2,他引:3
在田间试验条件下对覆膜旱作稻体内N、P、K养分浓度、吸收动态及N肥利用率作了研究。结果表明,相同施肥处理条件下不同生育期覆膜旱作稻N、P、K养分浓度及吸收量均高于水作稻,尤以生育中后期较为明显;覆膜旱作稻全生育期N、P、K养分吸收量明显高于水作稻,分布在籽粒中的N、P、K养分含量也有所提高,而在整株中的占有率差异不大,N肥利用率提高12%左右。 相似文献
104.
《Soil Science and Plant Nutrition》2013,59(1):160-169
Abstract A pot culture experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of amorphous iron-(hydr)oxide (Am-FeOH) amendments on arsenic (As) availability and its uptake by rice (Oryza sativa L. cv. BR28) irrigated with As-contaminated water. A rhizobag system was established using 3.5 L plastic pots, each containing one central compartment for plant growth, a middle compartment and an outside compartment. Three levels of laboratory-synthesized Am-FeOH (0, 0.1 and 0.5% w/w) were used to amend samples of the As-free sandy loam paddy soil placed into each compartment of the rhizobag system. The soils were submerged with a solution containing 5 mg L?1 As(V). Two-week-old rice seedlings were planted in the central compartments and cultured for 9 weeks under greenhouse conditions. The addition of 0.1% Am-FeOH to the soil irrigated with As-contaminated water improved plant growth, reduced the As concentration in the plants and enhanced Fe-plaque formation on the root surfaces. Analysis of soil solution samples collected during the experiment revealed higher pH levels and lower redox potentials in the soils amended with Am-FeOH at the onset of soil submergence, but later the soil solution collected from the 0.1% Am-FeOH treatment was slightly acidic and more oxidized than the solution from the 0% treatment. This indicated active functioning of the roots in the soil treated with 0.1% Am-FeOH. The concentrations of As(III) in the soil solution collected from the central compartment were significantly reduced by the Am-FeOH amendments, whereas in the soil treated with 0% Fe, As(III) accumulated in the rhizosphere, particularly during the late-cultivation period. The improvement in plant growth and reduction in As uptake by plants growing in the Am-FeOH treated soil could be attributed to the reduction of available As in the soil solution, mainly as a result of the binding of As to the Fe-plaque on the root surfaces. 相似文献
105.
M. C. Rebolledo M. Dingkuhn P. Péré K. L. McNally D. Luquet 《Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science》2012,198(5):374-384
Achieving early vigour, that is, rapid dry matter accumulation, is a priority in rice crop improvement, but this trait is complex and not well understood genetically and physiologically. This study tested the hypothesis that the development rate (DR) contributes to early vigour. Two diversity panels were phenotyped during vegetative stage for traits constituting early vigour (shoot dry weight, SDW; relative growth rate, RGR) or contributing to early vigour (tillering, leaf size, DR). The first panel comprised 169 genotypes from all major genetic groups of Oryza sativa and was phenotyped under irrigated upland conditions in the field (Philippines, Exp1). The second panel with 190 genotypes representing the diversity of the tropical japonica group was phenotyped in pots in a greenhouse (Montpellier, France, Exp2). Results from field and pot experiment pointed out that DR, tillering and leaf size were positively correlated with RGR and SDW, although the contribution of leaf size was small. DR was positively correlated with tillering but both were negatively correlated with leaf size. DR vs. RGR correlation was conserved in subsets of genotypes with similar leaf size and tillering, suggesting an effect of DR on RGR independent of the other traits. DR is a promising, still underexploited trait contributing to rice early vigour, requiring further genetic and physiological characterization. 相似文献
106.
Rice plants cope with flash floods using either an ‘escape strategy’ involving rapid shoot elongation or a ‘quiescence strategy’ involving survival underwater with minimal activity. To clarify the differences in the response of leaf photosynthesis properties to conditions during and after submergence, two rice cultivars were compared: a non‐shoot‐elongating cultivar IR 67520‐B‐14‐1‐3‐2‐2 (IR67520) and a shoot‐elongating cultivar IR72442‐6B‐3‐2‐1‐1 (IR72442). Twenty‐three‐day‐old seedlings were submerged in 80‐cm‐deep water for 14 days. During submergence, the chlorophyll contents of the upper fully expanded leaf (5th leaf) and newly developed leaf later (6th leaf) and the maximal quantum yield of photosystem II (Fv/Fm) of the fifth leaf decreased earlier in IR72442 than in IR67520. In the submerged sixth leaf, Fv/Fm was higher in IR72442 than in IR67520 at early measurement. Although Fv/Fm of the sixth leaf in submerged IR67520 increased substantially from 2 days post‐submergence, IR72442 decreased because of leaf chlorosis. Therefore, a non‐shoot‐elongating cultivar coped with submergence by inhibiting photodamage and maintaining high chlorophyll content in the leaves. The shoot‐elongating cultivar was able to maintain the photosynthetic capacity of the newly developed leaf during submergence by prompt reduction of chlorophyll and chlorophyll fluorescence in the leaf that developed before submergence. 相似文献
107.
108.
《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2012,43(19):2512-2520
The purpose of this work was to evaluate the responses of 20 rice cultivars to the phytotoxic effects of acetic, propionic, and butyric acids produced in soils under anaerobic conditions. The study was conducted in a hydroponic system, with four levels (0, 3, 6, and 9 mM) of the three organic acids in the ratio of 6:3:1 in a factorial of complete randomized block design with three replications. The evaluated variables were phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) contents. The analysis of variance revealed a significant interaction, and the established regressions showed differences among the genotypes as evaluated for both variables. Four genotypes were classified as tolerant in relation to P content and three genotypes as tolerant in relation to K. The best performance was verified with japonica genotypes and the irrigation-based growing system. 相似文献
109.
《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2012,43(2):229-243
Abstract Phytophthora root rot (PRR) is an important disease of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) in wet soils. Excess soil water (ESW) stress is required for the successful infection and development of PRR. The effects of P at 0, 40, and 80 μg.g‐1 soil and K at 0, 120, and 240 μg.g‐1 soil (in factorial combinations) on the severity of PRR or ESW stress was investigated on a PRR‐susceptible (Iroquois) and a resistant (Oneida) alfalfa cultivar in a greenhouse trial. P and K applications significantly increased the dry weight of tops prior to imposition of PRR or ESW stress. However, plants subjected to PRR or ESW stress did not respond significantly to P or K and there was no significant effect of P or K on the severity of PRR or ESW injury. The plants subjected to PRR or ESW stress had lower tissue P concentration than those under stress‐free conditions. Increasing P additions resulted in a significant increase in P concentration of Iroquois plants, while in Oneida the response was non‐significant. The response of K concentration in the plant to increasing K additions was dependant on P levels. 相似文献
110.
《Journal of plant nutrition》2013,36(9):1367-1375
A study was conducted to compare the responses to acid pH of Medicago sativa and Lotus glaber, two forage legumes with different environmental requirements, either supplied with inorganic nitrogen (N) or inoculated with different strains of their nodule bacteria. Medicago sativa showed, in both treatments, a significant reduction in total dry weight at pH below 6.0. In contrast, Lotus glaber grew equally well at all the pHs assayed in the presence of adequate N. Under inoculated conditions, in the absence of N supply, plant growth was dependent on the bacterial strain used. When the ability of each strain to multiply in culture medium was examined, it was observed that Sinorhizobium meliloti strains showed a pH-sensitive response that inhibited growth at pH 4.0, whereas Mesorhizobium loti strains showed normal growth at this pH. These results suggest that for the effectiveness of Mesorhizobium loti–Lotus glaber symbiosis in acid soils the major factor to be considered is the tolerance of the bacterial strain to acid conditions, while the limiting factors for the Sinorhizobium meliloti–Medicago sativa symbiosis are the sensitivity to low pH of both the plant and its bacteria. 相似文献